How are the relative abundances of dark energy, dark matter, and ordinary matter (atoms) inferred from the WMAP all-sky image? A. Again, solely from the number of higher and lower temperature ...
Our knowledge of the universe comes from looking at it in various ways -- different wavelengths of light, neutrinos, cosmic rays, and hopefully some day gravitational radiation. But how do we know that we are seeing everything there is? How could we determine whether there were substances in the universe not directly visible in our telescopes?