What is the age of the Universe dependent on its size?

All they do is guess. They have no way of knowing, they can't prove it and they don't even agree with each other.

" Literary reference? " I think a little wiki work would show you that the evidence for this is well beyond a " literary reference. "

Google Big Bang.

Both the size and age of the universe are indeterminate. Since you correctly gathered the literary references for the current scientific consensus based on the observable universe, I assumed you are looking for more. The answer is dependent on your basis for measurement. Cosmologist use the empirical evidence of radiated events for their basis of measurement; i.e., light waves, radio waves, background radiation, etc. While these are all measures of past events, there are limits to how far we can quantify the past; Just as there are limits to the observable universe. In example - When driving in a fog we tend to use the radiated events of the light from the car in front of us to gauge our distance. When we lose the car's tail lights in the fog, this respresents our observable universe. The car in front of us would have also lost sight of our headlights in his rear view mirror. However, the driver in front of us can see further down the road.  Similarly, if we place imaginary cosmic observers at the end of our observable universe, in all directions, each of them would see only know our location as the end of their observable universe. Still they can see further ino the universe than we can.

I like the way is it presented in the book, 'The Evolutioning of Creation - Volume 2,' in which the author presents the concept of a complete universe as the reality of existence within a medium non-existence. So the concept of non-existence as part of the whole universe, relates the notion of existence as the intrusion of matter (of positive density) into this universal medium (of negative density).  Therefore, depending on the literary reference, there is the observable universe in existence, there is the unobservable universe still within existence, and then there is the universe beyond the dimensional reality of our existence.

The other consideration for size and age is our dimensional limitations. As there is no real center of the universe, the concept of the Big Bang becomes somewhat of a puzzle. The expression of a singular dimension (or singularity) unfolding into an expandable 4 dimensional Space Time continuum is quite an abstraction to assimilate. The notion that all the Space and Time (or all the matter and energy) available for our existence was somehow contained in a single dimension is mind boggling. So the Big Bang was just the unfolding of Space and Time for our reality in existence within a semi-homogeneous medium of matter and dark matter. So size and age also are dependent on the dimensional constraints of your model for measure.

A universe of reality in existence from non-existence is the philosophical conjecture of an evolutionary universe. The alternative theory of cosmogony modeled in the book, 'The Evolutioning of Creation' volumes 1 and 2 chronicles the existential journey of a universal being (in the most literal sense of 'to be or not to be') of our changing universe and was the first to support the Open Universe Theory of an ever accelerating universe in a visually understandable model of cosmology.

The observed universe appears to be around 13.7 billion years old, but there is much debate.  ESA and NASA settled arbitrarily on 13.7 billion years although CERN has raised a number of calculations that it is much younger. 

We presume that the size of the observable universe is about 13.7 billion light years because that is the limit of our detection capabillity.  Observation and calculation dissent on dates. 

Eventually we defer back to practicality.  Theoretical guesswork does not solve routine problems. 

According to the theory of relativity, size or age of our observable universe can’t be determinate.

Here we go: If the speed of inflation after the Big Bang is close to light speed, time wouldn’t go fast. E.g. after a distance of the diameter of our galaxy with almost light speed, time could have past only 10 minutes. A lesser speed could cause the time to use up a million years. If you add to this problem the fact, that our 4 dimensions are born by this process, considering that all was spinning, no direct straight lines, zero time zones and – and – and, you can send all done calculations as “literary references” to the realm of phantasies.

One thing more I like us to consider: Big Bang theory is based on the redshift of light (Hubble). But this is based on the assumption that redshift is caused by the Doppler effect of light. But this is based on the assumption that space/time is void (and light is waved void). If you consider space/time NOT as void and energy as a certain condition of space/time, than the redshift could also be friction (or both, friction and Doppler effect of light). In this case, the Big Bang wouldn’t have to exist at all and all the believer of  the Singularity (some final god creation) would have to start pursuing new again.

I think the redshift indicates that the universe is expanding faster the farther you look into the distance. The idea of expansion from a single point is corroborated by the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The universe is uniform in coldness and CMB waves. This what we would expect if there was a big bang and the inflation and expansion of the universe from a single point. By common sense, if you roll back the film of the expanding universe, you would come back to a single point. We are all at the center of the universe because all matter was at one time in the center. 

The age of the universe has been pretty accurately calculated to be 13.72 billion years. It read recently somewhere that it should also be about 40 billion light years across. 

You might want to read a new book, A Universe From Nothing, by Lawrence Krauss but you also can see him on this matter in a one hour YouTube lecture.

I feel a bit hesitant to answer this question but considering the present company I would be remiss in my duty hade I not attempted a comment.

Let us presume that dark energy has a different dynamic from gravity at long range.  Hence we see that all the matter in the universe started at one point (I believe you call it a singularity) which means that it existed in a form that is neither force nor matter nor anything else we can say exists, which of course complies with divine creation.

The Divine Design Lecture Series 

Divine Design is a computer directed multimedia lecture presentation series which gives glory to God the Father Almighty as the Designer of all. Mathematics is shown to be "the alphabet with which God has written the universe." (Galileo) Technology is shown to be man's attempt at mimicking God's designs. Each presentation lasts about one hour and is suitable for any group from high school age through adult. No special mathematics background is necessary. Those who do have a mathematics background or who are currently studying Christian education, mathematics, science, or computer science will especially benefit. The seven lectures currently in the Divine Design series are The Divine Proportion, Thinking God's Thoughts After Him, Symmetry, The Two Infinities, Stop and Consider God's Wonders, Periodic Order, and Optimal Design